Grade-11

objective-advanced7-2 DOWNLOAD
sherlock-1 DOWNLOAD
Lamb to Slaughter by Roald Dahl (1916-1990)
https://www.oysterenglish.com/idioms-list.html
50 Best Short Stories for High School Students
Button, Button by Richard Matheson
Ричард Матесон Нажмите кнопку
The Monkey’s Paw by W. W. Jacobs
Cat in the Rain by Ernest Hemingway
The End of Something by Ernest Hemingway
Armenia: Nations in Transit 2024
The Immortal Bard by Isaac Asimov
In Praise of Boredom by Joseph Brodsky, Գովք ձանձրույթի, Иосиф Бродский. Похвала скуке

April 26, 2024
Objective Advanced
Unit 9 (page 167)
Future forms
Homework
Learn the grammar below

Future Simple form will + verb
• will is used to talk about a future action or event at the point of decision.
I’ll come to the cinema with you tonight, I think.
• It is used to make predictions about the future.
You will meet a tall, dark stranger.
• It is used to make promises.
I’ll buy you a car for your birthday.

going to
• going to is used to talk about intentions.
Sometimes it is used to talk about plans & arrangements based on intentions (but the present continuous is more commonly used for talking about arrangements).
We’re going to visit our friends in New Zealand next winter.
• going to is also used to talk about future events and actions based on present evidence, especially when we can see that the event is imminent. The way Brazil are playing at the moment, they’re going to win the match.
Watch out! We’re going to hit that tree!

Present Continuous form am/is/are verb-ing
• The present continuous form is used to talk about plans and arrangements for the future. A time reference often makes the future meaning clear.
What are you doing tonight? I am seeing the dentist.
We’re meeting early tomorrow morning. We are having an exam tomorrow.

Present simple form
• The present simple form is used to talk about timetables and schedules.
Our train leaves at 6.30 tomorrow morning.
• It is used with future references in subordinate clauses after time conjunctions such as when, before, until, as soon as.
We’ll reply when we hear from you.
I hope you’ll write to us as soon as you get home.

be + infinitive
• be + infinitive is formal. It is used in rules or instructions, or to talk about official plans.
It is particularly common in news reports.
Staff are not to use company telephones for personal calls.
The Prime Minister is to visit South America next month.

Future continuous will be V-ing ինչ որ բան անելիս կլինեմ
• The future continuous focuses on an action or event in progress at a specific time in the future.
This time next week I’ll be lying on a beach in the sun.

Future perfect ինչ որ բան արած կլինենք
• The future perfect looks forward to a future time and then looks back from that point.
By the end of next year we’ll have finished the project.

Future in the past
• The form was/were going to or would+ verb is used to look back to a past time and talk about the future as it was at that past time.
By the time I left school, I knew I was going to become a doctor.
I thought it would be cold today, but it isn’t.

Complete Exercise 1 (page61)
Identify the structures (a-j) used to express the future in sentences 1-10. There may be more than 1 answer.

2. What will you be doing this time tomorrow?	a. focus on one moment in future time
	b. looking back from a point in the future
	c. future probability
	d. future after time conjunction (կապ) when
	e. intention
	f. plan (with stated time)
	g. something fixed by a timetable
	h. a possible future using the first conditional
	i. a hypothetical future
	j. tentative prediction

Exercise 2 (page 61)

April 26, 2024
In May, we will embark on a project focused on “Leaders Who Changed History.” Each of you will select a leader (even if he is a dictator) and prepare a presentation about them. Below are the questions you need to address. Therefore, take your time to ponder over the weekend and inform me on Monday about the leader you intend to present.
Leaders Who Changed History

A. Brief biography
B. Why this is a leader and the applied definitions of leadership
C. The leader’s vision
D. The leader’s values
E. The leader’s place on the scale of democracy to authoritarianism
F. The leader’s authority (formal/informal)
G. The leader’s consistency in what he said and did
H. How the leader changed the conditions of people’s lives
I. The leader’s accomplishments
a. The leader’s support for his accomplishments
b. To what extent and how the leader accomplished something that no one else had accomplished
c. The impact of the leader’s accomplishments upon the people and the nation at the time and later on
References:
Joseph C. Rost “Leadership for the Twenty-First Century” (1991) New York: Praeger, Chapter 3
Brandon C. Cleeton and Jason A. Mason, “Leadership: Theory and Practice” (2020)

April 22, 2024
Objective, Unit 9, Urban living
The Perfect City (page 59)

exhilarating [ıgʹzıləreıtıŋ] making one feel very happy, animated, or elated; աշխուժացնող, ոգևորիչ, զվարթացնող, թարմացնող
thrilling causing excitement and pleasure; exhilarating հուզումնալից
hustle and bustle a large amount of activity and work, usually in a noisy surrounding եռուզեռ
leave sth to be desired/leave a lot to be desired – be much worse than you would like բավարարից շատ հեռու լինել, շատ վատ լինել
amenity [ə’miːnətɪ] a desirable or useful feature or facility of a building or place, something, such as a swimming pool or shopping centre, that is intended to make life more pleasant or comfortable for the people in a town, hotel, or other place հարմարություն, հարմարավետություն
on top of all that in addition to something else that is bad ի լ րումն, բացի այդ ամենից
congested so crowded with traffic or people as to hinder or prevent freedom of movement խցանված
vibrant [‘vaɪbrənt] full of energy and life եռանդուն
motorway a major road that has been specially built for fast travel over long distances
beyond recognition so as to be no longer recognizable անճանաչելիության աստիճան
pitfall a hidden or unsuspected danger or difficulty
what the future holds what will happen in the future
in the name of for the sake of
hand in hand closely associated or connected
go hand in hand If two things go hand in hand, they exist together and are connected with each other. կատարվել, տեղի ունենալ միաժամանակ
congestion extremely crowded and blocked with traffic or people խցանում
thrive If someone or something thrives, they do well and are successful, healthy, or strong. զարգանալ, բարգավաճել, հաջողություն ունենալ, առաջընթաց ապրել
foresight the ability to predict or the action of predicting what will happen or be needed in the future կանխատեսություն
The Four Asian Tigers are the high-growth economies of Hong Kong, Singapore, South Korea, and Taiwan. All four economies have been fueled by exports and rapid industrialization, and have achieved high levels of economic growth since the 1960s.
Importance of tackling corruption is the biggest message that Lee Kuan Yew bequeathed to the world

Exercise 2 (page 58)

a. The question we face today
b. How cities of the future can become good places to live
c. The ideal combination of past and present
d. How times have changed
e. The consequences of poor or no planning
f. Cities also need modernity
g. The romantic attractions of the past
h. Where the opportunities lie

April 18, 2024
Complete April flash mob tasks

Fill in the gaps with the seven expressions above: tighten the screw, throw someone under the bus, extend an olive branch, not one’s cup of tea,
from the horse’s mouth, turn the tables, on the grapevine

Reports … suggest that King Charles … to his son, Prince Harry. Prince Harry may … his wife, Meghan Markle, … if he accepts King Charles’s condition to … and make Prince Harry return to the UK without her. This situation is … Prince Harry’s … . People are eager to hear the truth … . If he returns alone, it could … on the dynamics within the royal family, sparking further debates and discussions.

Explain how you understand this Chinese proverb and provide an example to illustrate it: “Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day; teach a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime.”

Deductive reasoning is a method that moves from generalities to specific conclusions. Bring an example to deduce that an apple is a fruit.

Inductive reasoning, on the other hand, is a method that involves drawing general conclusions from specific observations. Bring an example to induce that dogs may enjoy bones because a particular dog brand loves them.

April 11, 2024
Test
Task 1. Read the text and answer the questions, choosing the right answer. (0,3×10=3)

Birds that feed in flocks commonly retire together into roosts. The reasons for roosting communally are not always obvious, but there are some likely benefits. In winter especially, it is important for birds to keep warm at night and conserve precious food reserves. One way to do this is to find a sheltered roost. Solitary roosters shelter in dense vegetation or enter a cavity – horned larks dig holes in the ground and ptarmigan burrow into snow banks – but the effect of sheltering is magnified by several birds huddling together (stand, sit, or lie close to each other, usually because they all feel cold or frightened) in the roosts, as wrens, swifts, brown creepers, bluebirds, and anis do. Body contact reduces the surface area exposed to the cold air, so the birds keep each other warm. Two kinglets huddling together were found to reduce their heat losses by a quarter and three together saved a third of their heat.

The second possible benefit of communal roosts is that they act as “information centers.” During the day, parties of birds will have spread out to forage [ˈfɒrɪdʒ] over a very large area. When they return in the evening some will have fed well, but others may have found little to eat. Some investigators have observed that when the birds set out again next morning, those birds that did not feed well on the previous day appear to follow those that did. The behavior of common and lesser kestrels may illustrate different feeding behaviors of similar birds with different roosting habits. The common kestrel hunts vertebrate [‘vɜːtɪbreɪt] animals (ողնաշարավոր կենդանիներ) in a small, familiar hunting ground, whereas the very similar lesser kestrel feeds on insects over a large area. The common kestrel roosts and hunts alone, but the lesser roosts and hunts in flocks, possibly so one bird can learn from others where to find insect swarms.

Finally, there is safety in numbers at communal roosts since there will always be a few birds awake at any given moment to give the alarm. But this increased protection is partially counteracted by the fact that mass roosts attract predators [‘predətə] (animals that kill and eat other animals) and are especially vulnerable if they are on the ground. Even those in trees can be attacked by birds of prey. The birds on the edge are at greatest risk since predators find it easier to catch small birds perching (sit down) at the margins of the roost.

flock-a number of birds of one kind feeding, resting, or travelling together երամ
A roost is a place where birds or bats rest or sleep.
roost settle or congregate for rest or sleep տեղավորվել
vertebrate [‘vɜːtɪbreɪt] ողնաշարավոր
predator-գիշատիչ
birds of prey գիշատիչ թռչուններ
horned lark-shorelark արտույտ
ptarmigan-կաքավ
wren-ցախսարեկ
swift- ջրածիծառ
brown creeper-ամերիկյան ծվծվան
bluebird-կապտավզիկ
ani -կկվի տեսակ a glossy black long-tailed bird of the cuckoo family, with a large deep bill, found in Central and South America
kestrel- մկնորս բազե, շամբաճուռակ
burrow[‘bɜːrəu]-բույն
huddle together հավաքվել, խմբվել

1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. How birds find and store food.
B. How birds maintain body heat in the winter.
C. Why birds need to establish territory.
D. Why some species of birds nest together.

2. The word “conserve” is closest in meaning to
A. retain
B. watch
C. locate
D. waste

3. Ptarmigan [‘tɑːmɪgən] keep warm in the winter by
A. building nests in trees
B. digging tunnels into the snow
C. chirping together in the roost
D. burrowing into dense patches of vegetation

4. The word “magnified” is closest in meaning to
A. abated
B. mitigated
C. intensified
D. diminished

5. The author mentions kinglets as an example of birds that
A. protect themselves by nesting in holes
C. nest together for warmth
B. nest with other species of birds
D. usually feed and nest in pairs

6. The word “forage” [‘fɔrɪʤ] in line 11 is closest in meaning to
A. evade
B. forego
C. feed
D. rest

7. Which of the following statements about lesser and common kestrels is true?
A. The lesser kestrel and the common kestrel have similar diets.
B. The lesser kestrel feeds sociably but the common kestrel does not.
C. The common kestrel nests in larger flocks than does the lesser kestrel.
D. The common kestrel nests in trees, the lesser kestrel nests on the ground.

8. The word “counteracted” is closest in meaning to
A. suggested
B. negated
C. measured
D. accumulated

9. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as an advantage derived by birds that huddle together (If some huddle together or huddle round something, they stand, sit, or lie close to each other, usually because they all feel cold or frightened) while sleeping?
A. Some members of the flock warn others of impending dangers.
B. Staying together provides a greater amount of heat for the whole flock.
C. Some birds in the flock function as information centers for others who are looking for food
D. Several members of the flock care for the young.

10. Which of the following is a disadvantage of communal roosts that is mentioned in the passage?
A. Diseases easily spread among the birds.
B. Groups are more attractive to predators than individual birds.
C. Food supplies are quickly depleted.
D. Some birds in the group will attack the others.

Task 2. Choose the appropriate option. (0.3×10=3)

1. Whiskers are very sensitive, __________ animals can use them to avoid obstacles in the dark.
A. so
B. regardless
C. beside
D. granted that

2. Soil fertility is largely a consequence of the action of earthworms.__________ they have played an important part in world history.
A. Likewise
B. Because of
C. For example
D. In contrast

3. __________ Emily Dickinson wrote some of the most haunting lines of American poetry, only seven of her poems were published during her lifetime.
A. But
B. During
C. Before
D. Although

4. America was probably not discovered by Columbus __________ by the Vikings.
A. but
B. neither
C. however
D. in addition

5. We see around us an amazing diversity of life forms. __________ this, it is possible to detect some sort of order in the natural world.
A. In the event of
B. In contrast
C. Providing
D. Despite

6. During a heart attack, the blood flow to the heart is blocked and __________, cells of the heart muscle die from the lack of oxygen.
A. overall
B. incidental
C. consequently
D. anyway

7. The new supermarket is so much cheaper than the one in John Street.__________, they do free home deliveries too.
A. However
B. On the whole
C. Furthermore
D. Thus

8. __________ television can be educational, I think it’s better to read a book.
A. On the other hand
B. Even though
C. However
D. Since

9. __________the rain and the high winds, they never went camping.
A. Because
B. Due to
C. In spite
D. Otherwise

10. This new computer has a better monitor. Its memory is twice as large as the current one and we can use the internet with it. __________its software will make our job so much easier.
A. Finally
B. However
C. If
D. Unless

Task 3. Choose the best answer to each question. (0,4×10=4)

Pithy statements, such as “Haste makes waste”, are examples of proverbs, often called the shortest art form. They use devices associated with poetry – rhythm, rhyme, and metaphor – to create vivid images that teach life’s lessons. Sometimes referred to as “the wisdom of thousands, the wit of one,” proverbs are chunks of human experience compressed into terse sentences. They tend to have several layers of meaning and apply to various situations. This may explain the ostensible folk wisdom “Look before you leap” and “Absence makes the heart grow fonder”.

Proverbs are an integral part of the oral tradition of most cultures and are often similar from one country to the next. They tend to follow patterns, like “Where there is X, there is Y” and “One of something is worth great amounts of something else”. This latter design is manifest in such advice as “One good head is better than a hundred strong hands” (England), “A friend is better than a thousand silver pieces” (Greece), and “A moment is worth a thousand gold pieces” (Korea).

The origins of proverbs are disparate; the Bible, mythology, and ancient philosophy are all sources of proverbial wisdom. While a few can probably be attributed to a specific person, most were invented by ordinary people in everyday circumstances. For example, “Don’t buy a pig in a poke” originated hundreds of years ago in the European marketplace, where unscrupulous merchants substituted cats for pigs. A poke was a bag for carrying goods, and shoppers who thought they were buying a pig in a poke might discover too late that they had bought a cat instead. This may also account for the expression “The cat’s out of the bag.” Some old sayings, like “An apple a day keeps the doctor away,” don’t seem valid anymore. Yet in spite of the passing of time, many proverbs remain quite apt.

Proverbs, however, can be dangerous. Poetic devices like rhythm and ellipsis make their lessons so condensed and powerful that they sound true. But this prepackaged wisdom is not always useful or meritorious. For example, “Spare the rod and spoil the child” implies that physical punishment builds good character in children. Yet research suggests that such discipline can cause children to be more inimical than their peers. Nevertheless, proverbs continue to be treasured heirlooms, passed from one generation to the next. You know what they say – “Old habits die hard.”

1. Which words could best replace pithy?
A. showing a lack of judgement
B. causing harm
C. forceful and brief
D. characterized by repetition

2. Which words could best replace terse?
A. lengthy
B. contagious
C. irreverent
D. brief and to the point

3. Which word or words could best replace ostensible?
A. apparent
B. unimaginative
C. obscure
D. uninformed

4. Which word or words can best replace integral?
A. ridiculous
B. embarrassing
C. essential for completeness
D. highly theoretical

5. Which word or words can best replace manifest?
A. absent
B. obvious
C. joyful
D. covert

6. Which word or words can best replace disparate?
A. different
B. repetitive
C. subject to destruction
D. unable to change

7. Which word or words can best replace apt?
A. appropriate
B. slow
C. disappointing
D. unlikely

8. An ellipsis can best be explained as a(n) ___________ .
A. attractive appearance
B. omission of a word or phrase
C. downward movement
D. lengthy description

9. Which word or words can best replace meritorious?
A. false
B. informal
C. deserving praise
D. lacking intensity

10. Which word or words can best replace inimical?
A. advantageous
B. satisfied
C. hostile
D. full of meaning

pithy [‘pɪθɪ] սեղմ, արտահայտիչ
Haste makes waste. Կշտապես՝ մարդկանց վրադ կծիծաղեցնես, ծաղրուծանակ կդառնաս
rhyme [raɪm] հանգ
chunk մեծ կտոր, մեծ մաս, մեծ թիվ
terse [tɜːs] հակիրճ
ostensible [ɔs’ten(t)sɪbl] երևակայական, կարծեցյալ
apparent [ə’pær(ə)nt] 1) clearly visible or understood; 2) seeming real or true, but not necessarily so
disparate [‘dɪsp(ə)rət] անհամեմատելի
scrupulous [‘skruːpjələs] բարեխիղճ
unscrupulous [ʌn’skruːpjələs] having or showing no moral principles; not honest or fair անսկզբունք
poke [pəuk] պարկ
shopper buyer, purchaser գնորդ
apt appropriate or suitable in the circumstances տեղին, հարմար, հակում ունենալ
ellipses [ɪ’lɪpsiːz] the omission from speech or writing of a word or words that are superfluous or able to be understood from contextual clues զեղչում
condensed [kən’den(t)st] made denser or more concise; compressed or concentrated խտացված
prepackaged [͵pri:ʹpækıdʒd] կշռած կապած
meritorious [ˌmerɪ’tɔːrɪəs] deserving reward or praise պարգևի արժանի
inimical [ɪ’nɪmɪk(ə)l] թշնամական

Task 4. Complete each sentence using a collocation formed from two boxes. (8×0.5=4)
box 1

nipped	reaping	take	green
sowed	budding	root	seeds

box 2

the rewards	actors	in the bud	of the problems
a seed of doubt	root	shoots	of discontent

1. Many serious illnesses can be …………. if they are detected early enough.
2. The West Side Drama College turns out a hundred …………… every year.
3. Jim’s suspicious behavior ……………. in Jenny’s mind about his fidelity.
4. At last she is …………… of all her years of study.
5. The prejudices of parents usually …………… in their children.
6. After three years of recession, we are beginning to see the ……………… of an economic recovery.
7. One of the …………….. that led to the Rebellion of 1837 was sown in this decision.
8. If the politicians in Washington would stop all their games and mudslinging for a minute they might actually be able to solve the ………………. affecting our country.

heirloom [‘eəluːm] ընտանեկան արժեք
contagious [kən’teɪʤəs] վարակիչ
Nip something in the bud. Բնում խեղդել suppress or destroy something, esp. at an early stage
budding խոստումնալից beginning and showing signs of promise in a particular sphere
e.g. budding young actors
sow the seeds of doubt կասկածի սերմեր ցանել
reap/receive a reward պարգև ստանալ
take root հաստատվել, արմատավորվել
green shoots վերականգնման նշաններ signs of growth or renewal, especially of economic recovery
seeds of discontent [ˌdɪskən’tent] դժգոհության սերմեր The Winter of Our Discontent
root of the problems խնդիրների արմատը

Task 5. Add two letters to each of the following words to make a new word according to the definition given next to the word. You may need to shuffle the letters. (0.3×5=1.5)

1. l a y + 2 letters = tall and thin
2. m i l e + 2 letters = mix or combine
3. r e s t + 2 letters = promote growth or development
4. f i r + 2 letters = weak in health or in body
5. d i a l + 2 letters = quiet, not easily upset

E.g. r a f t+ 2 letters = falter: hesitate, weaken

lanky [‘læŋkɪ] tall and thin լողլող՝ նիհար ու երկարահասակ
mingle [‘mɪŋgl] mix or combine խառնվել
foster promote growth or development նպաստել, խթանել, օժանդակել (զարգացմանը)
frail [freɪl] weak in health or in body ֆիզիկապես թույլ, թուլակազմ
placid [‘plæsɪd] quiet, not easily upset խաղաղ, հանդարտ, անվրդով, անխռով

Task 6. Select the correct answer for the meaning of the given idiom. (0,4×5=2)
1. to have egg on one’s face

a) to be extremely happy
b) to be embarrassed by something one has done
c) to get drunk heavily
E.g. She’s really got egg on her face. I was completely wrong, and now I have egg on my face.

2. nutty as a fruitcake
a) very silly or stupid
b) something nonexistent
c) excellent in taste
E.g. The whole idea is nutty as a fruitcake.

3. to talk turkey
a) to speak carelessly
b) to talk lies
c) to talk serious business
E.g. It’s time to talk turkey and quit messing around.

4. to put the bite on someone
a) to try to get money out of someone
b) to kill or injure someone
c) to get angry with someone
E.g. Don’t put the bite on me. I’ve no money at all.

5. to play ball with someone
a) to treat someone not seriously
b) to cooperate with someone
c) to try to court someone
E.g. You will be better off if you play ball with me.

to have egg on one’s face ձախողվել, անհարմար վիճակում, հիմար դրության մեջ
nutty as a fruitcake անմիտ, հիմար, ապուշ. խելագարվել, գժվել, խելքը թռցնել
to talk turkey անկեղծորեն, գործնական խոսել
to put the bite on someone պարտք վերցնել, փոխ առնել,նենգաշորթել, շորթել
to play ball with someone աշխատակցել, գործակցել, համագործակցել

Task 7. Make an adjective from these verbs and nouns to complete each sentence below. (0.5×5=2.5)

thrift
diverge
lucre
awe
loathe

1. Besides raising crops, the settlers possessed numbers of cattle, sheep and pigs, but their most …………….. occupation was seal fishing.
2. The result also reveals that kids from more well-off families tend to spend their money lavishly while those whose parents are unemployed are more …………….. .
3. Historians have since described and explained how torture was a …………….. , almost automatic feature of colonial wars.
4. We have to weigh up all the options and …………….. opinions that have been expressed.
5. Asian dragons are viewed as …………….. creatures filled with power and wisdom.

lucre [‘luːkə] շահույթ
lucrative [‘luːkrətɪv] շահութաբեր, եկամտաբեր
thrift [θrɪft] խնայողություն, տնտեսողություն
thrifty [‘θrɪftɪ] տնտեսող, խնայող
loathe [ləuð] զզվանք, նողկանք զգալ, խորշել
loathsome [‘ləuðsəm] նողկալի, զզվելի
diverge [daɪ’vɜːʤ] ճյուղավորվել, բաժանվել
divergent [daɪ’vɜːʤənt] տարբեր, զանազան, տարամիտված
awe [ɔː] հարգանք, ակնածանք
awesome [‘ɔːsəm]տպավորիչ, հոյակապ

April 8, 2024
Objective Advanced
Homework
Vocabulary Exercise 2 (page 66)

Objective Advanced
Classwork
Vocabulary exercise 1 (page 66)

April 4, 2024
Objective Advanced
Homework
Exercise 4 (page 64)
Some vocabulary is found much more frequently in an academic context than in everyday English. Match the words with the underlined words in the extracts.

Everyday use	Academic context
look for
main
choose
replies
views
develop
methods
before
given

acquire, prior to, primary, strategies, opt for, administered, responses, perspectives, seek

Exercise 5 (page 64)

April 4, 2024
Objective Advanced
Units 1-5 Revision
Homework
Exercise 7 (page 39)

brainwave– a sudden clever idea
overnight-instantly or very quickly
hit-an instance of a particular website being accessed by a user
A compendium is a short but detailed collection of information, usually in a book.
to be put off-postponed
get off the ground -start or cause to start happening or functioning successfully

Unit 10 (page 64)You live and learn
Exercises 1-5 (page 64-65)

Objective Advanced
Units 1-5 Revision
Classwork
Exercises 4, 5 (page 39)

placebo [plə’siːbəu] a medicine or procedure prescribed for the psychological benefit to the patient rather than for any physiological effect

March 21, 2024
Complete March flash mob tasks

People who live in glass houses should not throw stones.
This means that you should not criticize other people
for bad qualities in their character that you have yourself.

Where there is a will there is a way.
This is used to mean that if you are determined enough, you can find a way to achieve what you want, even if it is very difficult.

Better safe than sorry.
This is said when you think it is best not to take risks even when it seems boring or difficult to be careful.

A watched pot never boils.
This is used to mean that time passes very slowly when one is waiting for something to happen if that is the only thing one is thinking about.

A bad workman blames his tools.
This is said when someone has blamed a mistake or failure on the things that they use to work.

Make hay while the sun shines.
This is to make good use of an opportunity while it lasts.

Out of the frying pan and into the fire.
This is said when you move from a bad or difficult situation to one that is worse.

2. accede to request to express approval or give consent
I invited everyone (except, accept) Tom to the picnic.
except not including; other than
humane having or showing compassion or benevolence մարդկային, բարի, մարդասիրական
all ready լիովին պատրաստ
principal denoting an original sum invested or lent
affect have an effect on; make a difference to
advise offer suggestions about the best course of action to someone
Stationery is paper, envelopes, and other materials or equipment used for writing.
Something that is stationary is not moving.
If you describe something as simple, you mean that it is not complicated, and is therefore easy to understand.
simplistic treating complex issues and problems as if they were much simpler than they really are
A web site is a location connected to the Internet that maintains one or more pages on the World Wide Web.
An oral contract is a type of business agreement that is spoken, not captured in writing.
Complement is a thing that contributes extra features to something else in such a way as to improve or emphasize its quality

Someone who is honest and says what they think. straight
Someone who tricks others in order to get what they want. devious [‘diːvɪəs] showing a skilful use of underhand tactics to achieve goals խորամանկ, անազնիվ, ճարպիկ
Something which is not genuine. fake
Someone who can be relied upon to do the right thing and to be honest. trustworthy
Someone who says only what is true. truthful
Someone who says one thing, but does another. hypocritical pretending to have qualities, beliefs, or feelings that they do not really have

March 15, 2024
Classwork

advert [əd’vɜːt]-An advert is an announcement in a newspaper, on television, or on a poster about something such as a product, event, or job. հայտարարություն, գովազդ
A caretaker is a person whose job it is to take care of a house or property when the owner is not there. պահակ
abundance [ə’bʌndən(t)s]-լիություն, առատություն
wildlife վայրի բնություն
What’s the catch?-Իսկ ի՞նչն է խանգարում
snorkel [ˈsnɔːk(ə)l] When someone snorkels, they swim under water using a snorkel.
սուզալող խողովակով շնչելու սարքով

You do not need specialized education or certification to get an island caretaker job. Your basic education (higher/professional…) will suffice. Experience in this field of work will be an advantage.

Job pros and cons
Although many people consider a private island caretaker job a dream job, it has its own specifics and requires training and a good level of stress resistance.

Island caretaker job pros:
Competitive salary;
Opportunity to live on an island without buying it;
A non-typical and profitable way to travel;
Opportunity to live in exotic environment and see rare animals or plants;
Ability to take a lot of beautiful photos and videos for your Instagram blog.

Cons:
In many cases, you have to be prepared for a long period of solitude on an island.
There may be temporary discomfort during the period of getting used to the climatic conditions of an island.
In particular, if you are a European and apply for a vacancy of a tropical island caretaker, you should expect insomnia, headaches and digestive problems.
In case the caretaker opted for remote island, he will not see his family and friends for a long time.
One will have to rely only on itself in everything.

If you are ready to put up with all these inconveniences, this position is for you, and you will get a lot of pleasure from such experience.

Professional Caretaker Cover Letter Sample & Writing Guide
While the resume is an important part of seeking a job, the cover letter can be just as important, serving a similar, but distinct purpose. When you write a cover letter, you should be trying to add a unique aspect to your application, describing your qualifications and what makes you stand out from all the other candidates. It is wise to review sample cover letters before beginning the writing process to be sure you know exactly what makes a cover letter successful. The following professional caretaker cover letter sample will help you get started.

Dear Ms. —

I am excited to be considered for the open position of caretaker that your company has posed.

Over my long career in the maintenance field, I have developed extensive skills that I look forward to applying to this position. I began working in caretaking more than eight years ago, during which time I have advanced to hold more sophisticated maintenance jobs. I started as a caretaker, being tasked with simple gardening and campground safeguarding responsibilities. More recently, I have entered a property manager position, which added leadership, organization, collaboration, and evaluation duties.

Your job description mentioned a desire for an individual with an attention to detail who is results-driven. In this line of work, I have found that I am primarily responsible to myself and have thrived in this sort of environment. My attention to detail allows me to be successful and hold myself to a high level of scrutiny.

I am confident that I will be able to achieve a similar level of success by entering your posted caretaker position. I am grateful for the time and consideration that you have given me. My schedule allows me to enter this position immediately, so I hope to be able to discuss it with you as soon as possible.

John Doe

Caretaker Cover Letter Must-Haves

The above professional caretaker cover letter sample demonstrates the most effective writing strategies for your own cover letter. If you reference the job description, you communicate that you are a good fit for this specific job and make it clear that you did not send out generic cover letters. The best cover letters are not too long and include language that emphasizes the candidate’s excitement to enter the position. You should close your cover letter by thanking the reader for their time and consideration, and mention that you look forward to discussing the opportunity further. Additionally, you can increase your chances of appealing to employers by matching the style and tone of their posted job description.

Best Action Verbs for a Caretaker Cover Letter
This professional caretaker cover letter sample shows that you can make your cover letter more effective by including strong and relevant action verbs, such as collaborate, communicate, convey, develop, direct, incorporate, interact, listen, observe, and resolve.

March 6, 2024
Read the interview
Vassilis Maragos: Syunik has acquired very specific importance

The SDGs in 2024: Moving Beyond 15%
How the UN is Supporting the Sustainable Development Goals in Armenia

February 2, 2024
Translate the following expressions into English, writing the corresponding phrases and idioms from our past lessons

to face the music	պատասխան տալ, հատուցել
	անտեղյակ լինել, տեղեկություն չունենալ
	վերցնել երկու հակասող բաների լավագույնը
	ուշադրություն դարձնել հիմնախնդրին, փորձել հարցը լուծել
	տարբերել, զանազանել
	հիվանդ լինել
	ուղղում մտցնել, մեկի սխալը ուղղել, պարզություն մտցնել, իրավիճակը պարզեցնել
	հենց տեղում, դեպքի վայրում լինել
	ծերացած, շարքից դուրս եկած համարվել
	նկարագրածին համապատասխանել
	(հաջողության) շանս ունենալ
	իր կոչմանը համապատասխան լինել, պահանջներին համապատասխանել
	հանրության ուշադրության կենտրոնում լինել
	պատրաստվել աշխատանքի
	սաստիկ բարկանալ, չարանալ
	կյանքում հասնել կարևոր դիրքի
	հեշտ է
	չափազանց թանկարժեք լինել
	նման իրավիճակում հայտնվել
	ձեր հերթն է

February 1, 2024
Classwork
UN Structure
UN System
UN in Armenia
UNDP Armenia

Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)
The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, adopted by all United Nations Member States in 2015, provides a shared blueprint for peace and prosperity for people and the planet, now and into the future. At its heart are the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), which are an urgent call for action by all countries – developed and developing – in a global partnership. They recognize that ending poverty and other deprivations must go hand-in-hand with strategies that improve health and education, reduce inequality, and spur economic growth – all while tackling climate change and working to preserve our oceans and forests.

Նպատակ	Goal
1. Աղքատության վերացում Ամենուրեք վերացնել աղքատությունը՝ իր բոլոր ձևերով ու դրսևորումներով	1. No Poverty End poverty in all its forms everywhere.
2. Սովի վերացում Վերացնել սովը, հասնել պարենային ապահովության ու բարելավված սնուցման, խթանել գյուղատնտեսության կայուն զարգացումը	2. Zero Hunger End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture.
3. Ամուր առողջություն և բարեկեցություն Ապահովել առողջ կյանք և խթանել բարեկեցություն բոլորի համար՝ անկախ տարիքից	3. Good Health and Well-being Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages.
4. Որակյալ կրթություն Ապահովել ներառական ու որակյալ կրթություն բոլորի համար և խթանել ողջ կյանքի ընթացքում ուսման հնարավորություններ	4. Quality Education Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all.
5. Գենդերային հավասարություն Հասնել գենդերային հավասարության և զորացնել բոլոր կանանց ու աղջիկներին	5. Gender Equality Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls.
6. Մաքուր ջուր և սանիտարական պայմաններ Ապահովել բոլորի համար ջրի ու սանիտարական պայմանների հասանելիություն	6. Clean Water and Sanitation Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all.
7. Մատչելի և մաքուր էներգիա Ապահովել բոլորի համար մատչելի, հուսալի, կայուն և ժամանակակից էներգիայի հասանելիություն	7. Affordable and Clean Energy Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all.
8. Արժանապատիվ աշխատանք և տնտեսական աճ Խթանել համապարփակ և կայուն տնտեսական աճ, զբաղվածություն և արժանապատիվ աշխատանք բոլորի համար	8. Decent Work and Economic Growth Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all.
9. Արդյունաբերություն, նորարարություն և ենթակառուցվածքներ Ստեղծել դիմակայուն ենթակառուցվածքներ, աջակցել կայուն արդյունաբերության զարգացմանը և խթանել նորարարությունը	9. Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Build resilient infrastructure, promote sustainable industrialization and foster innovation.
10. Անհավասարությունների կրճատում Կրճատել անհավասարությունը երկրների ներսում և դրանց միջև	10. Reduced Inequalities Reduce inequality within and among countries.
11. Կայուն քաղաքներ և համայնքներ Քաղաքները դարձնել ներառական, դիմակայուն, անվտանգ և կայուն	11. Sustainable Cities and Communities Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable.
12. Պատասխանատու սպառում և արտադրություն Ապահովել սպառման և արտադրության կայուն մոդելներ	12. Responsible Consumption and Production Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns.
13. Գործողություն հանուն կլիմայի Ձեռնարկել անհապաղ գործողություններ՝ պայքարելու կլիմայի փոփոխության և դրա ազդեցությունների դեմ	13. Climate Action Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts.
14. Կյանքը ջրի տակ Ապահովել օվկիանոսների, ծովերի ու ջրային պաշարների պահպանությունը և կայուն օգտագործումը	14. Life Below Water Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development.
15. Կյանքը ցամաքում Անտառների կայուն կառավարում, անապատացման դեմ պայքար, հողերի դեգրադացման դադարեցում և շրջադարձում, կենսաբազմազանության կորստի կասեցում	15. Life on Land Protect, restore, and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss.
16. Խաղաղություն, արդարություն և ամուր հաստատություններ Խթանել արդար, խաղաղ և ներառական հասարակությունների կառուցումը	16. Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels.
17. Գործընկերություններ հանուն նպատակների Ակտիվացնել գլոբալ գործընկերությունը՝ հանուն կայուն զարգացման	17. Partnerships for the Goals Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalize the global partnership for sustainable development.

The Landlady by Roald Dahl

https://www.sparknotes.com/short-stories/the-landlady/
litcharts
Lesson 1: The Landlady by Roald Dahl

Answer the questions:

Why do you think “briskness” is important to Billy? What does it reveal about him?
Describe the setting of the story.
What internal conflict is Billy Weaver facing? How might this affect the story?
Why does Dahl repeat the phrase BED AND BREAKFAST again and again?
Billy seems surprised by how strongly he is drawn to the house and the landlady. Why might this be important?
Describe the landlady.
Why might the memory of Mr. Temple & Mr. Mulholland be important?
What “red flags” (symbols to indicate danger or a sign that you should stop) do you notice as the story progresses?
How might Billy’s realization about the dachshund and the parrot change things? What is taxidermy? Taxidermy is the craft of preparing the skins of dead animals and birds and filling them with a special material to make them look as if they are alive.
How might this relate to Billy?
What do you think happened at the end? Why?

Сдается комната

January 18, 2024
Complete January flash mob tasks

The phrase “Don’t cry over spilt milk” means there’s no use in worrying over past events which cannot be changed.

The saying “people who live in glass houses shouldn’t throw stones” is used to say that people who have faults should not criticize other people for having the same faults.

“Pride comes before the fall” means if a person is too arrogant, he or she will make a mistake or fail in a big way.

“All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy” is a proverb that means without time off from work, a person becomes both bored and boring.

December 22, 2023
The $120,000 Art Basel Banana, Explained
Maurizio Cattelan Is Taping Bananas to a Wall at Art Basel Miami Beach and Selling Them for $120,000 Each
«Ձեռառնոցի՞», թե՞ ժամանակակից արվեստ։ Ո՞րն է պատին փակցված բանանի ճշմարտությունը. Նազարեթ Կարոյան

December 21, 2023
Complete December flash mob tasks

If you rule out a course of action, an idea, or a solution, you decide that it is impossible or unsuitable.
If you set forth a number of facts, beliefs, or arguments, you explain them in writing or speech in a clear, organized way.

December 19, 2023
The Global AI Index
Ranking table
Countries are ranked by their AI capacity at the international level. This is the 4th iteration of the Global AI Index, published on 28 June 2023. The Global AI Index is underpinned by 111 indicators, collected from 28 different public and private data sources, and 62 governments.
These are split across 7 sub-pillars: Talent, Infrastructure, Operating Environment, Research, Development, Government Strategy and Commercial.
ImplementationTalent focuses on the availability of skilled practitioners in artificial intelligence solutions. Infrastructure assesses the reliability and scale of access infrastructure, from electricity and internet to supercomputing capabilities. Operating Environment focuses on the regulatory context and public opinion on artificial intelligence.
Innovation Research looks at the extent of specialist research and researchers, including numbers of publications and citations in credible academic journals. Development focuses on the development of fundamental platforms and algorithms upon which innovative artificial intelligence projects rely.
InvestmentGovernment Strategy gauges the depth of commitment from national governments to artificial intelligence; investigating spending commitments and national strategies. Commercial focuses on the level of startup activity, investment and business initiatives based on artificial intelligence.

December 15, 2023
Match phrases to definitions

	to know nothing about something
	to have a reasonable chance
	to feel ill
	to be considered too old
	to be as good as the usual standard
	to be at a place where an event is happening

to be over the hill-ծերացած, շարքից դուրս եկած համարվել
to be on the spot– հենց տեղում, դեպքի վայրում լինել
to be in the running-(հաջողության) շանս ունենալ
to be up to the mark –իր կոչմանը համապատասխան լինել, պահանջներին համապատասխանել
to be under the weather-հիվանդ լինել
to be in the dark-անտեղյակ լինել, տեղեկություն չունենալ

December 14, 2023
to face the music– պատասխան տալ, հատուցել
to address an issue — ուշադրություն դարձնել հիմնախնդրին, փորձել հարցը լուծել
to fit the description– նկարագրածին համապատասխանել
to put the record straight– ուղղում մտցնել, մեկի սխալը ուղղել, պարզություն մտցնել, իրավիճակը պարզեցնել
to tell the difference – տարբերել, զանազանել
to have the best of both worlds – վերցնել երկու հակասող բաների լավագույնը

Wish and if only

Wish/if only + past simple is used to express a wish or regret about a general state that exists in the present, or a usual or regular event or habit.

E.g. He wishes he was a photographer instead of an actor.
If only we had longer holidays.

Wish/if only + would is also used to express a wish or regret about a usual or regular event or habit.
We use would when the person or thing doing the action could change their behaviour if they chose to. It is often used to complain about someone’s behaviour.

E.g. If only the children would be quiet.
I wish you would look for a job.

Wish/if only + past perfect is used to express a wish or regret about the past by saying how we would like the past to be different.

E.g. I wish I had trained as a doctor instead of as a teacher.

Wish + infinitive with to is used in more formal situations to mean want + infinitive. It can be used to talk about the past, present or future.

E.g. Napoleon wished to keep his battle plans a secret until the very last moment. Note that when people talk about their wishes for the future, the verb hope is more often used.

E.g. I hope you enjoy your stay in our town.
She hopes to get a job in television.

We use wish and if only to talk about things that we would like to be different in either the present or the past. If only is usually a bit stronger than wish.

In the present

We can use wish/if only + a past form to talk about a present situation we would like to be different.

I wish you didn’t live so far away.
If only we knew what to do.
He wishes he could afford a holiday.

In the past

We can use wish/if only + a past perfect form to talk about something we would like to change about the past.

They wish they hadn’t eaten so much chocolate. They’re feeling very sick now.
If only I’d studied harder when I was at school.

Expressing annoyance

We can use wish + would(n’t) to show that we are annoyed with what someone or something does or doesn’t do. We often feel that they are unlikely or unwilling to change.

I wish you wouldn’t borrow my clothes without asking.
I wish it would rain. The garden really needs some water.
She wishes he’d work less. They never spend any time together.

‘wish’ and ‘if only’

December 8, 2023
Match the words with their definitions

adaptable արագ հարմարվող, ընտելացող	able to change to suit different situations or uses
address	to give attention to or deal with a matter or problem
advisee	someone who receives advice
advisor	someone whose job is to give advice about a subject
ask out ժամադրել տեսակցության կանչել	to invite someone to come with you to a place such as a restaurant, especially as a way of starting a romantic relationship
associate	a member of a law firm
awkward	difficult or causing problems
the best of both worlds	a situation in which you can enjoy the advantages of two very different things at the same time
bully	someone who intentionally frightens a person who is smaller or weaker than them

awkward, adaptable, bully, ask out, associate, the best of both worlds, advisor,
advisee, address

cast	the actors in a film, play, or show
concept	an idea or principle
corporate [ˈkɔːpərət]	relating to a large company or group
destined	intended (for a particular purpose)
disturbance [dɪˈstɜːbəns]	something that interrupts what you are doing, especially something loud or annoying
downward spiral [ˌdaʊnwəd ˈspaɪrəl]	when a situation is getting worse and is difficult to control because one bad event causes another
edgy	nervous or tough and unconventional
embrace	to accept a person and their ideas in an enthusiastic way
epoch [ˈiːpɒk]	a period of time in history
expertise [ˌekspɜːˈtiːz]	skill

downward spiral, expertise, corporate, edgy, cast, destined, embrace, epoch, disturbance, concept

flourishing	successful growth or development
fuss– իրարանցում	a show of anger, worry, or excitement that is unnecessary or greater than the situation deserves
hang out with	to spend a lot of time with someone
hog the limelight	to get more attention than anyone or anything else in a situation
in the public eye հանրության ուշադրության կենտրոնում	famous and written about in newspapers and magazines and seen on television
in the running հաջողության շանս ունենալ	having a reasonable chance of winning
in-joke	a private joke that can only be understood by a limited group of people who have a special knowledge of something that is referred to in the joke
intrusion	becoming involved in a situation which people want to be private
it’s high time	If it is high time that someone did something, it should have been done sooner or a long time ago.

in-joke, fuss, intrusion, hang out with, flourishing, it’s high time, hog the limelight, in the running, in the public eye

jargon	special words and phrases that are used by particular groups of people, especially in their work
light-hearted	not serious
moving	causing strong feelings of sadness or sympathy
narrow	to make something less wide
notion	an idea or belief
on the spot	in the place where something happens
over the hill ծերացած, շարքից դուրս եկած	describes someone who is old and no longer useful or attractive
over the top	too extreme
pace	the speed at which someone or something moves or does something
paparazzi [ˌpæpəˈrætsi]	photographers whose job is to follow famous people and take photographs of them for newspapers and magazines

on the spot, paparazzi, jargon, light-hearted, over the top, narrow, pace, moving, over the hill, notion

pick on	to criticise, punish, or be unkind to the same person often and unfairly
pointless	Something that is pointless has no purpose and it is a waste of time doing it.
privacy	when you are alone and people cannot see or hear what you are doing
put the record straight պարզություն մտցնել	to write or say something in order to make the true facts known
recommendation	a suggestion that something is good or suitable for a particular purpose or job
reserved	not wanting to show what you are thinking or feeling
roll up your sleeves պատրաստվել աշխատանքի	to prepare for hard work
sacrifice	something valuable that you give up in order to achieve something, or the act of giving it up
seminar	a meeting of a group of people with a teacher or expert for training, discussion, or study of a subject
something valuable that you give up in order to achieve something or the act of giving it up	embarrassing secrets

privacy, skeletons in the cupboard/closet ընտանեկան գաղտնիք, reserved, pick on, recommendation, put the record straight, roll up your sleeves, pointless, sacrifice, seminar

smitten	loving someone or liking something very much
snap ինքնատիրապետումը կորցնել, զայրանալ	to suddenly be unable to control a strong feeling, especially anger
soap opera	A series of television or radio programmes about the lives and problems of a particular group of characters. The series continues over a long period and is broadcast (several times) every week.
stem from	to start or develop as the result of something unsuccessful but trying hard to succeed
take yourself (too) seriously	to consider yourself to be important or dangerous and worth attention or respect
tease	to laugh at someone or say unkind things to them, either because you are joking or because you want to upset them
tell the difference	to notice a difference in quality between two things
then and there	immediately
touch	making you feel pleased or a little sad
tough upbringing	a difficult childhood

stem from, touch, smitten, soap opera, tough upbringing, take yourself (too) seriously, then and there, snap, tell the difference, tease

transform	to change something completely, usually to improve it
transition	when something changes from one system or method to another, often gradually
turn nasty սաստիկ բարկանալ, չարանալ	become unpleasant, dangerous or violent
under the weather հիվանդ լինել	ill
universal	relating to everyone in the world, or to everyone in a particular group
up to the mark իր կոչմանը համապատասխան, պահանջներին համապատասխան	good enough
vice versa	used for referring to the opposite of what you have just said
victim mentality	a way of thinking in which you feel that you are suffering a lot
villain [ˈvɪlən] սրիկա	a bad person in a film, book, etc.

universal, under the weather, villain, transition, victim mentality, turn nasty,
vice versa, transform, up to the mark

December 7, 2023
An interview with David Burns, a soap opera actor
content-1 DOWNLOAD

work
Learn these words and expressions
soap-opera-ռադիո-հեռուստասերիալ
A soap opera is a popular television drama series about the daily lives and problems of a group of people who live in a particular place.
troubled -խնդրաշատ, դժվարին, բարդ
stem from -սկիզբ առնել
roller-coaster[‘rəulə,kəustə]-անակնկալ մեծ փոփոխություններով իրադրություն
in the public eye-հանրության ուշադրության կենտրոնում
pick on sb-անընդհատ քննադատել, մեկին անհարկի կպչել
snap-ինքնատիրապետումը կորցնել, զայրանալ
lay into sb-հարձակվել մեկի վրա
fuss– իրարանցում
brand– խարանել, պիտակ կպցնել
read through
troublemaker – կռվարար
spiral [‘spaɪər(ə)l -վատթարացող իրավիճակ
make something of oneself-կյանքում հասնել կարևոր դիրքի
villain [‘vɪlən] սրիկա, syn. evildoer [ˌɪːv(ə)l’duːə]
edgy-նյարդային, nervous
turn nasty-սաստիկ բարկանալ, չարանալ
If you hog something, you take all of it in a greedy or impolite way. (informal)
set/put the record straight– ուղղում մտցնել, մեկի սխալը ուղղել, պարզություն մտցնել, իրավիճակը պարզեցնել
If you set/put the record straight, you show that something which has been regarded as true is in fact not true
address an issue — ուշադրություն դարձնել հիմնախնդրին, փորձել հարցը լուծել
face the music– պատասխան տալ, հատուցել
tell the difference – տարբերել, զանազանել
fit the description– նկարագրածին համապատասխանել
the best of both worlds-երկու լավ բան միաժամանակ, երկու երնեկ մեկտեղ
have the best of both worlds – վերցնել լավագույնը երկու հակասող բաների
If you say that someone has the best of both worlds, you mean that they have only the benefits of two things and none of the disadvantages.
be over the hill-ծերացած, շարքից դուրս եկած համարվել
be on the spot– հենց տեղում, դեպքի վայրում լինել
be in the running-հաջողության շանս ունենալ
be out of the running -հաջողության շանս չունենալ
be up to the mark –իր կոչմանը համապատասխան լինել, պահանջներին համապատասխանել
be under the weather-հիվանդ լինել

Food for thought
1. Read the story below to be able to discuss it in class.
to have a nose for something- to be good at finding a particular kind of thing
to frown– to bring your eyebrows closer together because you are angry, unhappy or thinking hard
to sigh– to breathe out noisily because you are bored, tired, sad, etc.
charm– a special quality that someone has that makes you like or feel attracted to them
discreet– careful not to attract too much attention
to catch someone red-handed– to find someone in the act of doing something illegal
speeding– driving faster than the legal speed limit
a replica– an exact copy of an object

Frank’s last case B2-C1
Frank’s last case A2-B1
frank DOWNLOAD

December 1, 2023
Homework
Read this article and the text on PISA
Will Armenia Catch the EU Candidate State Fever?
PISA – Programme for International Student Assessment
EU support to education in Armenia

The OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development) Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) examines what students know in reading, mathematics and science, and what they can do with what they know. It provides the most comprehensive and rigorous international assessment of student learning outcomes to date. Results from PISA indicate the quality and equity of learning outcomes attained around the world and allow educators and policymakers to learn from the policies and practices applied in other countries.

November 27, 2023
The EU
The European Union
Joining the EU
European Neighbourhood Policy
Let’s explore Europe!
Pathways to School Success
The Bologna Process and the European Higher Education Area
Eurodesk/learning, College of Europe Scholarships, YouthEuropa
What is the European Union? Quiz

November 23, 2023
Armenia-EU Relations: Understanding CEPA
CEPA
The EU’s AI Act Is Barreling Toward AI Standards That Do Not Exist
Status of the artist

The 8 goals of the European Union

Peace, promotion of EU values and the well-being of everyone
Freedom, security and justice
Strong and sustainable European economies
Social inclusion and equality
Scientific and technological progress
Solidarity among EU countries
Respect for Europe’s cultures and languages
Economic and monetary union

November 16, 2023
Complete November flash mob tasks

beat around the bush – discuss a matter without coming to the point
cut corners – do something perfunctorily (մակերեսորեն) so as to save time or money
no pain, no gain – suffering is necessary in order to achieve something
call it a day – decide or agree to stop doing something

November 16, 2023
Brainstorming for the EU project
Learning Corner
European Union
The Council of Europe vs. the European Union
Turkey
European Union
EU institutions
Key European Union achievements and tangible benefits
European Union (EU): What It Is, Countries, History, Purpose
10 Fun Facts about the European Union
EU Departments and executive agencies
Delegation of the European Union to Armenia
EU for Armenia
Armenia to leave EU trade program in 2022 due to income classification

beat around the bush – discuss a matter without coming to the point
cut corners – do something perfunctorily (մակերեսորեն) so as to save time or money
no pain, no gain – suffering is necessary in order to achieve something
call it a day – decide or agree to stop doing something

November 13, 2023
Classwork
Fill in the gaps with the following phrasal verbs, prepositional phrases and word patterns, making necessary changes:
appeal to, assigned to, be a fan of, be included in, be aware of, be provided with, belief in, beware of, blame for, campaign for, comply with, contact with, devote time to, draw on/from, engage in, get in debt, in no time, increase in, live life to the full, live up to one’s expectations- (be as good as expected to be- արդարացնել ակնկալիքները), looking forward to, opt for, promote to, provide with, reflect on, satisfied with, shield from, specialize in, take part in, tell the difference between, there is a concern in

1. U.K. Prime Minister Rishi Sunak … personal experience to better illustrate his point during the presentation.
2. Our newsletter …, and we are extremely satisfied with its features.
3. I am … the support provided, and I believe in the company’s commitment to excellence.
4. I am … the opportunity to be … the upcoming project team.
5. After careful consideration, I decided to … the more sustainable and eco-friendly version.
6. I’m … the chance to … this position.
7. As a chef, Victoria … creating unique and flavorful dishes that appeal to people’s diverse tastes.
8. I … the importance of engaging in continuous learning to stay ahead in the dynamic business environment.
9. Participants will have the opportunity to … various workshops and activities during the conference.
10. As a travel blogger, Kiersten Rich … , exploring new destinations and sharing her experiences.
11. Employees will … the necessary resources to enhance their skills and knowledge.
12. The organization is known for its commitment to social causes and actively … charitable initiatives.
13. I … classical music and often attend concerts to enjoy the beautiful compositions.
14. It is essential that we … past experiences in order to learn and grow personally and professionally.
15. The workshop will … participants … information on effective time management strategies.
16. To … people from different demographics, the marketing campaign will feature a diverse range of influencers.
17. With proper planning and dedication, you can achieve your goals … .
18. The company aims to … the new product … the public through a comprehensive advertising campaign.
19. It’s unfair to … employees … the mistake without considering the systemic issues at play.
20. Overspending on unnecessary items can lead to … , so it’s crucial to budget wisely.
21. … the community about the environmental impact of the new construction project.
22. The recent … productivity is a positive sign for the company’s future success.
23. … online scams and always verify the authenticity of websites before providing personal information.
24. Maintaining regular … clients is crucial for building strong and lasting business relationships.
25. Successful entrepreneurs often … mentorship and supporting the next generation of leaders.
26. It’s important to … constructive criticism and unfounded negativity.
27. All employees are expected to … the terms of the contract to ensure a harmonious work environment.
28. The health risks … smoking should make people more aware of the consequences.
29. Wearing sunscreen is crucial to … your skin … the harmful effects of UV rays.
30. The organization plans to launch a … environmental conservation to raise awareness in the community.

November 10, 2023
Classwork
Formal writing

կից կարող եք տեսնել ինքնակենսագրությունս և մոտիվացիոն նամակս-
Please find my CV and Motivation letter attached to this email

Խնդրում եմ հաստատել այս նամակի ստացումը-
Please could you acknowledge receipt of this letter.

Շնորհակալ կլինեմ, եթե կարողանաք ինձ ուղարկել հավելյալ տեղեկություններ …ի մասին-I would be grateful if could send me further information about …

Շնորհակալ կլինեմ նամակիս արագ արձագանքման համար-I would very much appreciate an early response to my letter

Ակնկալում եմ հնարավորինս արագ պատասխան-I look forward to hearing from you at your earliest convenience

Informal writing

LOL- Laughing out loud
ASAP- as soon as possible
IMO- in my opinion
IDC- I don’t care
WYWH- Wish you were here
ZZZ- sleeping, bored, tired
TBH- to be honest
J4F- just for fun
NAGI- not a good idea
PTB- Please text back

Match the following phrases with the meanings

	be really interested in something
	become interested in something and spend time doing it, either as a hobby or as a career.
	to the greatest possible extent (լիարժեք)
	quickly or very soon
	one after the other
	on the whole
	immediately
	waiting to be connected while making a telephone call
	accidentally
	forever

for good, in turn, be on hold, to the full, in no time, by chance, be into something, by and large, take up, at once

I wish you didn’t live so far away.
If only we knew what to do.
He wishes he could afford a holiday.

In the past

We can use wish/if only + a past perfect form to talk about something we would like to change about the past.

They wish they hadn’t eaten so much chocolate. They’re feeling very sick now.
If only I’d studied harder when I was at school.

Expressing annoyance

We can use wish + would(n’t) to show that we are annoyed with what someone or something does or doesn’t do. We often feel that they are unlikely or unwilling to change.

I wish you wouldn’t borrow my clothes without asking.
I wish it would rain. The garden really needs some water.
She wishes he’d work less. They never spend any time together.

‘wish’ and ‘if only’

November 9, 2023
Classwork

November 6, 2023
Objective
Exercise 2 (page 17), Dependent prepositions

Many verbs in English take an object. These verbs take the structure verb+ preposition+object. This preposition is called a dependent preposition and always goes before the object.

Living life to the full
If you say that someone lives life to the full, you mean that they try to gain a lot from life by being always busy and trying new activities.

Complete the phrases with the missing prepositions: to, with, in, into, on, for, between

verb	preposition	example
draw*	on/from	experience – հենվել, ելնել
be included	in	the membership
opt	for	adventure holidays – նախընտրել, ընտրել
be looking forward	to	eating at a restaurant
be assigned	to	the advanced class-գրանցվել, ցուցակագրվել
believe	in	living life to the full
engage	in	volunteer work
be provided	with	all the materials
specialize	in	marketing
take part	in	the play
be fan	of	the internet
reflect	on	the pros and cons
live life	to	the full
get	into	debt
provide	with	information
engage	in	a range of activities
appeal	to	people-հրապուրել, գրավել
promote products and services	to	the public
blame	for	getting into debt
increase	in	the amount of time
beware	of	letting time slip by-զգուշանալ
devote time	to	using computer- հատկացնել
tell the difference	between	work and leisure time -տարբերել
comply	with	the terms of the contracts -կատարել
associated	with	working more and having less free time-զուգակցվել
be aware	of	this տեղյակ, իրազեկ լինել
shield	from	this negative aspect of the internet-պաշտպանվել
campaign	for	a better work-life balance

* There are uses for draw on/upon in which you can’t use draw from as an alternative, and vice versa.

In his attempt to get a prestigious job, he drew upon favours owed to his father by influential men.

This is the same as drawing upon an account. In the case of a bank account, we might withdraw from the account, or draw upon the account – the latter being slightly old-fashioned – but we wouldn’t draw from the account in most situations.

The membership of the British and Irish Lions is drawn from Welsh, English, Scottish and Irish players.

prepositional phrases

November 2, 2023
Objective Advanced: Student’s Book
Homework
Listening Exercises 1,2, 3, 4 (page 19)

Dependent prepositions

Brainstorming for the EU project
European Union
EU institutions
Key European Union achievements and tangible benefits
European Union (EU): What It Is, Countries, History, Purpose
10 Fun Facts about the European Union
EU Departments and executive agencies
Delegation of the European Union to Armenia
EU for Armenia
Armenia to leave EU trade program in 2022 due to income classification

Homework
The Devil’s Foot

Match the explanations with the words

	a religious man or woman in charge of an Anglican church
	a house in which a vicar lives
	a novel, play, or film dealing with a puzzling crime, especially a murder
	very depressed, so that you are unable to cope with your life
	a person who pays rent to live in someone’s house
	in a state of mind which prevents normal perception, behaviour, or social interaction; seriously mentally ill
	an intense feeling of fear, shock, or disgust
	someone who travels to places about which very little is known, in order to discover what is there.
	a physical or mental feature which is regarded as indicating a condition of disease, particularly such a feature that is apparent to the patient
	an area of open and usually high land with poor soil that is covered mainly with grass and heather

lodger, moor, insane, horror, vicarage, symptoms, mystery, explorer, breakdown, vicar

Find the missing words

Holmes and Watson have gone to Cornwall so Holmes can recover following a warning from a Harley Street specialist that unless he does so there is the potential for him to have a complete …. They stay in a private cottage overlooking Mounts Bay. One morning they are visited by the local … of Tredannick Wollas, Reverend Roundhay and his …, Mortimer Tregennis. Tregennis had spent the previous evening with his two brothers and sister at their home at Tredannick Wartha, situated near an old stone cross on the …. That morning the doctor had been called. The sister is dead and both brothers have been rendered …, all with looks of … on their faces. The next morning Mortimer Tregennis is found dead at the … displaying the same … . Holmes and Watson put their own lives in danger to solve the … which also involves the renowned African … and Lion-hunter Dr Leon Sterndale.

Choose the right answer.

Mortimer Tregennis’s brothers survive an attack that leaves their sister dead, but they are not left unharmed. What ailment plagues these brothers in ”The Adventure of the Devil’s Foot”?

Malaria
Insanity
Bubonic plague
Blindness

Dr. Leon Sterndale is a fictional character in the Sherlock Holmes story ”The Adventure of the Devil’s Foot.” What is his claim to fame?

1. He is a great hunter and explorer.
2. He is the basis for Indiana Jones.
3. He is a world-renowned actor.
4. He owns the copyright to Sherlock Holmes’ stories.https://www.youtube.com/embed/4GDQ3CiSFvo?version=3&rel=1&showsearch=0&showinfo=1&iv_load_policy=1&fs=1&hl=en&autohide=2&wmode=transparent

October 30, 2023
Homework
Objective Advanced
Reading (page 18)
Does the Internet help us live life to the full?
Exercises 1, 2, 3 (page 18)

October 20, 2023
Homework
Objective Advanced Student’s book
Writing Exercise 4 (page 17) and Dependent Prepositions Exercises 1 and 2 (page 17)

October 19, 2023
Complete October flash mob tasks

1. Break a leg- Good luck!
2. The ball is in your court – it is up to you to make the next move
3. Piece of cake- easy
4. Cost an arm and a leg- be extremely expensive
5. Under the weather- be sick
6. Once in a blue moon- very rarely
7. In the same boat- in a similar situation, in the same position.

Brainstorming for the EU project
European Union
EU institutions
EU Departments and executive agencies
Delegation of the European Union to Armenia
EU for Armenia
Armenia to leave EU trade program in 2022 due to income classification

October 13, 2023
Letter of recommendation

October 9, 2023
Homework
Listen to the TED talk and answer the questions.

Celeste Headlee: 10 ways to have a better conversation | TED
TED: 10 ways to have a better conversation
Complete exercises on pages 5 and 6
About Celeste Headlee
Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world. We conduct public opinion polling, demographic research, content analysis and other data-driven social science research. We do not take policy positions.

Match the definitions in column 2 with the words below:
Read the definitions carefully.
Start with the words you know.

	say sth causing so to feel upset, annoyed
	continue doing, using, saying, or talking about it, rather than changing to something else
	reluctance or refusal to be vaccinated, opposition to vaccines and vaccination
	pass into (a different state, especially a worse one); degenerate
	seize, obtain
	become aware or conscious of sth
	an agreement or settlement of a dispute that is reached by each side making concessions
	the ability to do something well or effectively
	nonsense, rubbish
	rehearse (a play or other piece), reading the lines aloud from a script and performing the actions of the characters
	deal with more than one task at the same time
	express one’s opinions in a pompous and dogmatic way
	a negative or unfavorable response
	an expert in a particular subject or field who is frequently called upon to give their opinions to the public
	a voucher issued cheaply by the state to those on low income and exchangeable for food
	suppose to be the case, without proof
	a signal for action
	be relaxed and accept a situation, rather than trying to alter or control it
	say something in a boastful manner
	a wild plant growing where it is not wanted and in competition with cultivated plants

pushback (բացասական ազդեցություն), assume (ենթադրել), devolve into, crap (անհեթեթություն, բարբաջանք), walk through, competence, food stamp, compromise, cue, stick to sth (հետևել մի բանի), grab, say sth offensive (վիրավորական), brag (պարծենալ, գլուխ գովել), pontificate (ճառել, բարբառել), anti-vaxxing, come to realize, go with the flow, multitask, weed, pundit (հմուտ, բազմափորձ, գիտուն անձ, մեկնաբան

What Is a Pundit?
A pundit is a person that publicly expresses their opinions or comments on a topic on which they consider themselves an expert. The term “pundit” can be used to describe someone who is an expert in a field, and it can also be used negatively to classify someone who has definite opinions but lacks the expertise to back them up. It is used to describe recognized authorities and, increasingly, to describe TV and radio hosts that are louder than they are learned.

Objective Advanced
Exam folder 1 (page 14)
Collocations
We say stale (չոր, քարթու) bread, rotten fruit/vegetables/meat,
sour (թթված) milk and rancid (կծված)butter

Fixed expression
catch sight of – glimpse for a moment; suddenly notice

Phrasal verb
set up – establish a company/business

Connecting word
despite– in spite of չնայած
Both despite and although are used to indicate a contrast. The main difference between despite and although is that although is a subordinating conjunction whereas despite is a preposition.
although – in spite of the fact that; even though
otherwise-or else

Meaning
graze means to break the surface of the skin by rubbing against something rough. քերծել մաշկը
skim-գրեթե չհպվելով՝ արագ սահել
rub-հարել, սեղմելով՝ շփվելով վերք անել
scrub– խոզանակով մաքրել

Unit 2
Objective Advanced Student’s Book
Exercise 2 (page 16)

coach մարզել
delay in doing sth-ուշացում
sit exam -take exam
draw on -make use of
opt for նախընտրել, ընտրել
campus-կամպուս՝ համալսարանական ավան (ուսանողներին անհրաժեշտ բոլոր կենցաղային կառույցներով տարածք) Usually a campus includes libraries, lecture halls, residence halls, student centers or dining halls, and park-like settings.

October 6, 2023
Homework
Complete Exercises A and B of the text below “Giving gifts around the world”

October 5, 2023
Classwork
Culture shock
Objective Advanced: Student’s book
Reading
Culture shock (page 12)
Vocabulary exercise (page 13)

collocation [ˌkɔlə’keɪʃ(ə)n] the habitual juxtaposition (զուգադրում) of a particular word with another word or words with a frequency greater than chance

Skim the advice leaflet for foreign students. Choose a title for each Extract A & B of the leaflet.
skim-աչքի անցկացնել
leaflet/flyer-գովազդային թերթիկ, թռուցիկ

break down բաժանել
intriguing [ɪn’triːgɪŋ] խիստ հետաքրքրող, հետաքրքրություն գրգռող
excited ոգևորված
stimulate [‘stɪmjəleɪt] քաջալերել, ոգևորել, խթանել
curious [‘kjuərɪəs] հետաքրքրասեր, հարցասեր
distressing անհանգստացնող, մտահոգող
encounter [ɪn’kauntə]բախվել, բախվել, հանդիպել (խնդրի)
frustrated [frʌ’streɪtɪd] հուսախաբ, զայրացած, դժգոհ
inadequate անհամապատասխան, անբավարար
intrude [ɪn’truːd] անհրավեր միջամտել
old hand վարպետ (որևէ գործի), գիտակ
If someone is an old hand at something, they are very skilled at it because they have been doing it for a long time.

feel at home -get used to, settle down/in
If you move around you keep changing the place where you live.
anxiety[æŋ(g)’zaɪətɪ] տագնապ, անհանգստություն
fascinated [‘fæsɪneɪtɪd] խիստ հետաքրքրված, հրապուրված, հմայված
hostile [‘hɔstaɪl]-թշնամական, ընդդիմացող, ծանր, վտանգավոր

Culture shock is a feeling of anxiety, loneliness, and confusion that people sometimes experience when they first arrive in another country.
tip of the iceberg-սառցալեռան գագաթը, երևացող մասը, մի փոքր մասը
merely a part of a larger and more complex (often dark) issue
bustling [‘bʌslɪŋ] -անհանգիստ, աղմկոտ fussy
cosmopolitan [ˌkɔzmə’pɔlɪt(ə)n] բազմազգ A cosmopolitan place or society is full of people from many different countries and cultures
pop over to – pay a visit to
getaway [‘getəweɪ]- a short holiday somewhere
preconception [ˌpriːkən’sepʃ(ə)n] կանխակալ կարծիք Your preconceptions about something are beliefs formed about it before you have enough information or experience.
self-deprecating [ˌself’deprəkeɪtɪŋ]-արժանապատվությունը նվաստացնող
If you describe someone’s behavior as self-deprecating, you mean that they criticize themselves or represent themselves as foolish in a light-hearted way.
work sth out հասկանալ If you work out a solution to a problem or mystery, you manage to find the solution by thinking or talking about it.
insight – խորաթափանցություն, ինտուիցիա, ներըմբռնում

Listening
Read five short extracts in which speakers are talking about meeting new people.

Speaker 1:
We went to this incredible place, a place which has one of the largest mosques in the whole of North Africa. We went in and then some boys came and they wanted to show us around. Well, we weren’t so sure, but they did anyway.

After that, they asked us to come to a carpet museum, and they said, really, you have to see – it’s wonderful, there are old Tunisian carpets. So we decided to go with them. And guess what! The museum turned out to be a carpet shop, owned by the father of one of the boys. And of course, he wanted to sell us a carpet.

We actually didn’t want to buy one because we didn’t have enough space in our backpacks, but finally he managed to persuade us to buy one. So my friend, yeah, she bought one.

To thank us for that, the boys guided us around the town and we ended up going down these really narrow alleyways, and we had no idea where we were because this whole city was like a maze.

Then we came to a house and we realised it was the house of one of the boys and we were invited in by his family and we had tea, coffee, nice biscuits, and it was a really, really good experience.

Speaker 2:
My story is actually a bit bizarre[bɪ’zɑː] (odd or strange). I was going to Florida and during the flight I had to go to the bathroom.

And in front of me there was a woman, she was about, maybe 50, who went into the bathroom, but she didn’t lock the door, it was still on the er, … it wasn’t completely locked. And I thought that maybe I should knock on the door and tell her that her door wasn’t completely closed, but I didn’t.

And I also had a funny feeling that this wouldn’t turn out well. And I was right because a little later the door flew open and there she was, and she gave out a loud shriek and me and the rest of the line just stood there in disbelief, totally in shock.

Speaker 3:
Four years ago I was in Indonesia.

First, I went to Sumatra and er, there I met a man who wanted to show us his village. So we went off with him. The village was very small, perhaps 500 inhabitants, maybe less.

They had these houses, wooden houses, with the roof shaped like a boat. And it was very special because the people there had never seen tourists before.

So they acted like, yeah, they treated us like very special people, which we aren’t, of course. They were a bit shy at first but then somehow we managed to communicate, and what I realised is that people, good people, are the same perhaps the world over.

Speaker 4:
Well, it was supposed to be a weekend trip with the rowing club. It was in the middle of winter.

When we got there we couldn’t even get out on the water, it was way too cold and we were in this big, er, shed, the size of a football pitch. There was no heating, the water was coming through the roof. The whole time it was windy and terrible.

We went there by bike and it took us about three hours to get there, I think. And we just, you know, went on automatic pilot and went on and on and on.

And in this shed we couldn’t get warm and people started getting really irritable and we started fighting over stupid, stupid things, for example, who has to cook dinner, who has to do the dishes, and we were really nasty to each other.

And we had to sleep all together in one corner otherwise we’d freeze to death. There were about 25 of us all huddled together, trying to sleep and hating each other.

Speaker 5:
Whenever people talk about dolphins, they always say they’re very intelligent creatures but I never really grasped the idea of how intelligent they are until recently.

There’s this place in Zanzibar, off Africa, where it’s possible to go swimming with dolphins.

When you go down to the bay, you can meet up with people you go on a boat with, and even before you’ve seen anything, their enjoyment really rubs off on you. They’re laughing all the time and when they find some dolphins, they’re really proud of themselves because they’ve found some dolphins and they know that you’re really going to love it.

What you have to do then is, you have to jump in the water, when the boat stops you jump in the water, and if you’re lucky, the dolphins come straight at you, and then they dive really deep in the water so you can’t see them any more.

They hide themselves and then they come back. And when you see the look in their eyes, you see they’re just making fun of you! And for me, that’s proof of how smart dolphins really are

vicar ծխական քահանա
vicarage ծխական քահանայի տուն

September 28, 2023
Homework
Destination B2, Unit 9 (page 54)
Revise/learn Conditionals (pages 54-55)
Complete exercises A, B, and C (page 56)
Click to access destination-b2-gramm-vocab-1-55-60.pdf

Classwork
What Is Utilitarianism?
Utilitarianism is a theory of morality that advocates actions that foster happiness or pleasure and opposes actions that cause unhappiness or harm. When directed toward making social, economic, or political decisions, a utilitarian philosophy would aim for the betterment of society as a whole.

Utilitarianism would say that an action is right if it results in the happiness of the greatest number of people in a society or a group.
‘By choosing Azerbaijan as a gas supplier, Ursula von der Leyen weakens the European Union’
Lachin Corridor and Nagorno-Karabakh
MP Tim Loughton lambasts UK government for ‘distinct lack of a robust response’ to Azeri ethnic cleansing in NK
Armenia’s Existential Crisis: Understanding the Siege of Artsakh
Armenophobia in Azerbaijan: Causes and Effects
Former ICC Prosecutor Accuses Baku of “Genocide” in Karabakh
Human rights groups criticise EU’s Azerbaijan gas deal

Objective: Student’s book
Reading
Culture shock (page 12)

https://nuneaydinyan.files.wordpress.com/2022/03/destination-b2-gramm-vocab-1-55-60.pdf

September 25, 2023
The trolley problem
What would I do? Exploring the Trolley Problem (Проблема вагонетки)
A trolley or trolley car is an electric vehicle for carrying people which travels on rails in the streets of a town.

The trolley problem is a concept often used in philosophy and ethics courses. Imagine you are standing beside a railway line. You suddenly see a large, heavy, unmanned trolley coming down the track. It’s out of control and hurtling toward you at lethal speed. You are safe, but further down the track is a group of people who will almost certainly all be killed if the out-of-control trolley continues rolling along the track. There is no time to shout a warning to those people or help them in any other way, except that you happen to be standing near a junction of the track, and the lever that controls whether trolleys travel down a different track is right next to you.
The trolley problem: would you kill one person to save many others?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yg16u_bzjPE&t=3s

Like most philosophical problems, the Trolley Problem is not designed to have a solution. It is, rather, intended to provoke thought and create an intellectual discourse in which the difficulty of resolving moral dilemmas is appreciated, and our limitations as moral agents are recognized.

You can either do nothing and allow the runaway trolley to continue along the track it’s already on. Or, you can pull the lever and send the trolley along a different track. If the trolley goes down the alternative track, it will hit and kill one person. What would you do? Sometimes the situation is like the one above, would you deliberately act to kill one person in order to save several more?
The ‘what would you do’ question presents a good opportunity to revise second conditional structures

What if
The people on track A are all members of your favorite pop or rock group.

The person on track B is a five-year-old girl.

The person on track B is a murderer and has already killed seven people.

The people on track B are there because they are dying and want to see the view from the nearby railway bridge for the final time.

The people on track A are terrorists who blew up an important building in your city a few hours ago, killing many people.

The people on track A are gang members waiting to attack another gang.

The person on track B is deaf and blind.

The people on track A are all over 90 years old.

The person on track B is waiting to give you a bag with one million dollars inside. The money will be destroyed if the cart goes down track B.

The person on track B is waiting to give you a bag with one hundred million dollars inside. The money will be destroyed if the cart goes down track B.

Imagine you’re watching a runaway trolley barreling down the tracks, straight toward five workers. You happen to be standing next to a switch that will divert the trolley onto a second track. Here’s the problem: that track has a worker on it, too — but just one. What do you do? Do you sacrifice one person to save five? Eleanor Nelsen details the ethical dilemma that is the trolley problem.

September 19, 2023
Complete September flash mob tasks

make a difference – have a significant effect on a person or situation
E. g. 20 reasons teachers are great
sorrow – a feeling of deep distress caused by loss, disappointment, or other misfortune suffered by oneself or others
eat one’s heart out – to feel bitter anguish or grief about something, to feel much jealousy about something հանձնվել աննախանձելի ճակատագրին, լուռ համբերել տառապանքներին ու նվաստացումներին
have a heart of stone –be cold and unfriendly; showing no sympathy to others անսիրտ, քարսիրտ լինել
heavy heart – a feeling of being weighed down with sorrow, a sad feeling ծանր սիրտ
follow one’s heart – do something according to one’s feeling վարվել սրտի ուզածով
aching heart– a broken heart, the feeling of pain because of love կոտրված սիրտ

September 18, 2023
Read the text
Eco-activist Greta Thunberg

Exercises
Match the adjectives with the people.
bossy, considerate, sensitive, determined, bad-tempered, imaginative, sensible, independent, insensitive, ambitious

1. Whatever you do, don’t say anything about her new haircut She hates it and gets really upset when people say anything negative about her.
2. Everyone says that Tim’s not good enough for the school football team but he says he’s going to prove them all wrong.
3. Paul spends a lot of time visiting his elderly aunt, He knows how lonely old people can get.
4. Your son makes up the most amazing stories. He’s got real talent!
5. I love Jim but he does have a habit of always saying the wrong thing at the wrong time.
6. Lucy says she’s going to be a big boss before she’s 25. Good luck to her!
7. My big sister is always telling me what I can and can’t do. Who does she think she is? My mother?
8. Nathan’s always liked doing things on his own. Even as a baby, he would never let me feed him. He always wanted the spoon in his own hands.
9. You can leave your kids with Maria. She won’t let them do anything stupid.
10. I can’t ask my dad anything. He just shouts at me every time I open my mouth.

September 14, 2023
Read about the four kinds of students. Find the characteristics, which describe you best and discuss “Which kind of student I am”. If you are a mixed kind, write all the characteristic features describing you.

Adjectives
studious [‘stjuːdɪəs] ընթերցասեր, ջանասեր, աշխատասեր, գիտությամբ զբաղվող
spending a lot of time studying or reading
brainy[‘breɪnɪ] խելացի having or showing intelligence
fun to be with-հետաքրքիր լինել
He’s a great fun to be with — Նրա հետ միշտ հետաքրքիր է
single-minded -concentrating on only one aim-կենտրոնացած (մի բանի վրա)
conscientious [ˌkɔnʃɪ’enʃəs] բարեխիղճ, ուշադիր
wishing to do one’s work or duty well and thoroughly
Syn: scrupulous[‘skruːpjələs] բարեխիղճ, ազնիվ, upright 2 [‘ʌpraɪt] ազնիվ
narrow-minded [ˌnærəu’maɪndɪd] սահմանափակ, կարճամիտ. նեղմիտ
not willing to accept ideas or ways of behaving that are different from your own
Syn: illiberal [ɪ’lɪb(ə)r(ə)l] միակողմանի, սահմանափակ ,
bigoted [‘bɪgətɪd] ֆանատիկ, կուրորեն նվիրված,
prejudiced[‘preʤədɪst] նախապաշարված
broad-minded [ˌbrɔːd’maɪndɪd] լայնախոհ, լայն մտահորիզոն ունեցող
Syn: compliant [kəm’plaɪənt] զիջող, հարմարվող, agreeable [ə’grɪəbl] հաճելի
courageous [kə’reɪʤəs] համարձակ, արի, խիզախ
having or showing courage
Syn: brave [breɪv] քաջ
cowardly– [‘kauədlɪ] վախկոտ, փոքրոգի lacking courage
craven [‘kreɪv(ə)n], pusillanimous [ˌpjuːsɪ’lænɪməs], faint-hearted [feɪnt’hɑːtɪd], timid [‘tɪmɪd]
introverted [ɪ̱ntrəvɜː(r)tɪd]
unconventional [ˌʌnkən’ven(t)ʃ(ə)n(ə)l] արտասովոր, ոչ ավանդական/ավանդապահ, ինքնատիպ
not based on or conforming to what is generally done or believed
conventional[kən’ven(t)ʃ(ə)n(ə)l] սովորական, ավանդական
competent [‘kɔmpɪt(ə)nt] ձեռնհաս, կարող, գիտակ
able to do something well
Syn: able, capable, efficient 1., fit II 2., qualified
Ant: deficient 1. incompetent, inefficient, unfit 1.
down-to-earth [ˌdauntu’ɜːθ] գործնական, իրատեսական, խելամիտ
practical and realistic
Syn: practical [‘præktɪk(ə)l]
outgoing [ˌaut’gəuɪŋ] շփվող, ընկերական
(of a person) friendly and energetic and finding it easy and enjoyable to be with others
Syn: gregarious [grɪ’geərɪəs](of a person) fond of company; sociable,
sociable [‘səuʃəbl] 1. willing to talk and engage in activities with other people; friendly
communicative [kə’mjuːnɪkətɪv] շփվող, հաղորդակցվող willing, eager, or able to talk or impart information
decisive [dɪ’saɪsɪv] վճռական, արագ կողմնորոշվող
able to make decisions quickly and confidently, or showing this quality
Syn: conclusive[kən’kluːsɪv], determinative[dɪ’tɜːmɪnətɪv]
knowledgeable [‘nɒlɪdʒəbl] լավատեղյակ, քաջատեղյակ, իրազեկ
knowing a lot
Syn: intelligent [ɪn’telɪʤ(ə)nt] , cognizant[‘kɔgnɪz(ə)nt]
persuasive [pə’sweɪsɪv] համոզիչ, հորդորող
making you want to do or believe a particular thing

September 8, 2023
The Johari Window: Beauty and the Beast
Beauty and the Beast

September 7, 2023
2023-2024 ուս. տարվա հետազոտական աշխատանքի թեմաները
2023-2024 ուս. տարվա նախագծեր

About Myself
The Johari Window Model
The Johari Window
ՋոՀարիի պատուհան
Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences

Read the short story Lamb to Slaughter by Roald Dahl (1916-1990) and think about your own ending

6.09.2023
Watch the movie Rain Man, the script
Urville: An Autistic Savant’s Remarkable Imaginary City, 20 Years in the Making

4.09.2023
Getting introduced
Write About Myself

In the past

Expressing annoyance

In the past

Expressing annoyance

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